Bone is a complex multifunctional organ which continuously undergoes a physiological process called bone remodeling to adapt to environmental changes, repair old and damaged bone and maintain its shape and strength. Bone remodeling occurs via balanced activities of its specialized cells which are tightly regulated and controlled through biochemical pathways. Disturbing the bone remodeling process results in the development of metabolic bone diseases including osteoporosis. The current gold-standard in developing novel treatments for bone pathologies and pre-clinical drug screening is animal models. However, these animal models often fail to represent human conditions due to interspecies differences in physiology. The development of new therapies requires an in-depth and detailed understanding of bone physiology and pathology and how the different cells are affected in their communication. Bone tissue engineering techniques can be applied to create 3D in vitro human bone models that can be used as an alternative to in vivo models. To create in vitro bone models, progenitor cells are cultured in a medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS) under biochemical and/or mechanical stimuli. The current culture conditions contain variable and undefined medium supplement with unknown and complex composition which might comprise unpredictable factors that have an influence on cell responses. The goal of this study is the development of an in vitro bone model under defined biochemical environment. This provides a controlled environment to investigate the effect of soluble factors on cell behavior and bone formation/resorption.